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1. Introduction
This study is an expansion of the spiritual leadership theory proposed by Fry (2003) and Fry et al., (2005) after they elaborated several theories that viewed a leader's relationship with his followers through transactional leadership theory and transformational leadership put forward by several authors along with Bass (1985, 1998). Bass and Avolio (1990, 1994), Benis and Nanus (1997), Burns (1978), and Tichy and Devanna (1986) and also through the relationship of organizational transformation with spiritual leadership (French et al., 2005). On the other hand, organizational activity in the twenty-first century is characterized by the emergence of “human spirit,” so it is necessary to utilize a framework and its development for organizational sustainability (Murrell, 2005), thus, the mainstream in organizational management with one of the principles namely “spirituality” (Marques 2011). Under these circumstances, leadership changes are required, and through the direction and facilities that the organization's milestones can achieve targets (Grojean et al., 2004).
Organization that services public interest needs good governance, and the ability to manage organization well will be very much influenced by a leadership. One organization that has a complexity in its management is hospital. This is because the characteristics of services that must be provided to the use of health services require human resources who have competence in the field of excellent health and self-giving in serving patients full of heart. In reality, many facts and cases indicate the occurrence of health services that are not in line with the expectations of healthcare users. North Sulawesi Provincial People's Representative Council stated that health services for the community need to be improved (radiotrendyfm.com). Head of hospital Prof. Kandou Manado, Dr Djoli Rumopa said the hospital's health services are constrained due to the lack of support from other regional hospitals (www.manadonews.com). Even there are cases of alleged malpractice by medical personnel that caused patient’s death (cybersulut.com).
Many factors can be the cause of hospital patients receiving services that are not optimal. However, the main source came from the medics such as doctors and nurses. This means it is related to aspects of human resources that may not be well managed. When viewed from the aspect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), there is a tendency of medical personnel, especially doctors...