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Abstract
La sílice cristalina es un compuesto químico natural presente en rocas, arena y suelo. En la industria, se halla en productos químicos: cemento, ladrillos, hormigón… Para medir la cantidad de sílice que respira un trabajador, se debe tomar una muestra de polvo de la fracción respirable. Debido al costo del análisis químico de dicha fracción frente a la sílice, cuya proporción aproximada es de 1:25, se entiende la importancia de establecer una metodología que permita realizar una aproximación del cálculo del riesgo relacionado con exposición a sílice, para disminuirlo. Según esto, se analizaron 63 datos (2016-2019), correspondientes a mediciones del citado polvo con énfasis en sílice pertenecientes a procesos industriales. Seguidamente, se analizaron los datos, se encontró una relación para diferentes procesos industriales, aceptable desde el punto de vista estadístico, así resultó una ecuación matemática para determinar la cantidad de sílice, en función de cantidad de fracción respirable, con un nivel de aceptación estadístico.
Crystalline silica is a natural chemical compound present in rocks, sand and soil. In industry, it is found in chemical products: cement, bricks, concrete... To measure the amount of silica a worker breathes, a dust sample must be taken from the respirable fraction. Due to the cost of chemical analysis of this fraction against silica, whose proportion is approximately 1:25, it is important to establish a methodology that allows an approximation of the risk calculation related to silica exposure, in order to reduce it. According to this, 63 data (2016-2019) were analysed, corresponding to measurements of the aforementioned dust with emphasis on silica belonging to industrial processes. The data were then analysed, and a statistically acceptable relationship was found for different industrial processes, resulting in a mathematical equation to determine the amount of silica, as a function of the amount of respirable fraction, with a statistical acceptance level.
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