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Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) autoantibodies have been considered specific markers of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The exact mechanisms responsible for the development of these autoantibodies and leading to autoimmunity to this peculiar liver receptor remain elusive. Furthermore, loss of T cell tolerance to ASGPR has been demonstrated in patients with AIH, but it is poorly understood whether such liver-specific T cell responses bear a pathogenic potential and/or participate in the precipitation of AIH. Newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have led to the investigation of the sensitivity and specificity of anti-ASGPR antibodies for AIH. The present review provides an overview of the diagnostic and clinical relevance of anti-ASGPR antibodies. A thorough investigation of the autoreactivity against ASGPR may assist efforts to understand liver autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.
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1 University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Senftenberg, Germany (GRID:grid.466372.2) (ISNI:0000000404996327); GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany (GRID:grid.452429.c)
2 King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, London, UK (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000000123226764)
3 St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Laboratory of Autoimmune Diagnostics, St.Petersburg, Russia (GRID:grid.412460.5)
4 Otto-von-Guericke University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Magdeburg, Germany (GRID:grid.5807.a) (ISNI:0000000110184307)
5 Technical University Dresden, Institute of Immunology, Dresden, Germany (GRID:grid.4488.0) (ISNI:0000000121117257)