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Abstract
Purpose of Review
We review recent community interventions to promote mental health and social equity. We define community interventions as those that involve multi-sector partnerships, emphasize community members as integral to the intervention, and/or deliver services in community settings. We examine literature in seven topic areas: collaborative care, early psychosis, school-based interventions, homelessness, criminal justice, global mental health, and mental health promotion/prevention. We adapt the social-ecological model for health promotion and provide a framework for understanding the actions of community interventions.
Recent Findings
There are recent examples of effective interventions in each topic area. The majority of interventions focus on individual, family/interpersonal, and program/institutional social-ecological levels, with few intervening on whole communities or involving multiple non-healthcare sectors. Findings from many studies reinforce the interplay among mental health, interpersonal relationships, and social determinants of health.
Summary
There is evidence for the effectiveness of community interventions for improving mental health and some social outcomes across social-ecological levels. Studies indicate the importance of ongoing resources and training to maintain long-term outcomes, explicit attention to ethics and processes to foster equitable partnerships, and policy reform to support sustainable healthcare-community collaborations.
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1 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.435924.d)
2 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Division of Population Behavioral Health, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, VA Health Service Research and Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.417119.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0384 5381)
3 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
4 Columbia University, Harkness Fellow in Healthcare Policy and Practice, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA (GRID:grid.21729.3f) (ISNI:0000000419368729)
5 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
6 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA Department of Anthropology, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, USA (GRID:grid.34474.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 7685); VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.417119.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0384 5381)
7 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, USA (GRID:grid.34474.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 7685); Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); Healthy African American Families II, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.429151.a)
8 Healthy African American Families II, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.429151.a)
9 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, VA Health Service Research and Development Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.417119.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0384 5381)
10 VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.417119.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0384 5381); UCLA, Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA Jonathan Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657)
11 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Social Medicine and Humanities, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA International Institute, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
12 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718)
13 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA Jonathan Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657)
14 Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, USA (GRID:grid.34474.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 7685); Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA (GRID:grid.34474.30)
15 UCLA, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); UCLA, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0000 9632 6718); Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, USA (GRID:grid.34474.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 7685); UCLA Jonathan Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.17635.36) (ISNI:0000000419368657)
