Peluasan Makna Imbuhan Ber-: Analisis Semantik Kognitif

Abstract

The prefix beR- is one of the affixes that are discussed widely in the Malay grammar book. Generally the descriptions on this prefix are fairly similar and sometimes overlapped. One of the important aspects about affixation is a study of meaning. Most grammarians agree that the prefix beR- denotes the meaning of ‘self do’, ‘reflexives’, ‘reciprocate’ and ‘belonging’. Nevertheless, these meanings are superficially described whereas there are other meanings that can be further explored. Based on 5 million corpus data taken from UKM- DBP data bank which comprises of newspaper (Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, Harakah) magazines and books, the meaning of beR- can be explicated in detailed. The extension of meaning of the prefix beR- is explained within the cognitive semantics approach through the prototype theory and the radial network category model. Cognitive mechanisms such as action image scheme (movement, reflexive, reciprocal, and production), belonging image scheme, passive image scheme, psychology image scheme, and grouping image schema have been utilized successfully in explaining how the meaning extension works. Evidently, the process of meaning extension involving the prefix beR- operates systematically. The application of meaning extension has two domains, namely, main and peripheral domain. The difference of each domain contributes to the extension of meaning of the prefix beR- itself.

Alternate abstract:

Imbuhan beR ialah salah satu imbuhan yang dibincangkan dalam buku nahu bahasa Melayu. Secara umumnya huraian mengenai imbuhan ini agak serupa antara penahu dan adakalanya bertindih. Satu aspek imbuhan yang penting ialah makna imbuhan itu sendiri. Penahu bersetuju untuk mengatakan yang imbuhan nahu mempunyai makna ‘melakukan sesuatu ke atas diri sendiri’, ‘refleksif’, ‘perbuatan bersalingan’, dan ‘memiliki’. Namun, makna imbuhan beR selalunya diterangkan secara luaran sahaja meskipun ada banyak lagi maksud lain yang boleh diterokai. Bersandarkan 5 juta data korpus UKM-DBP - akhbar (Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, Harakah), majalah, dan buku, makna imbuhan beR- dicungkil dengan lebih mendalam. Peluasan makna imbuhan beR- ini telah dihuraikan dengan menggunakan pendekatan semantik kognitif melalui teori prototaip dan model kategori jaringan radial. Beberapa mekanisme kognitif seperti skema imej perbuatan (pergerakan, refleksif, bersalingan, dan penghasilan), skema imej milikan, skema imej pasif, skema imej psikologi, dan skema imej kumpulan telah berjaya diserlahkan bagi memperjelas cara mana berlakunya proses peluasan makna imbuhan beR- ini. Terbukti, peluasan makna imbuhan beR- berlaku secara sistematik. Peluasan makna imbuhan beR- mempunyai domain teras, dan domain pinggiran. Perbezaan setiap domain inilah yang menyebabkan wujudnya peluasan makna terhadap imbuhan beR-.