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Abstract
Forest ecosystems sequester large amounts of atmospheric CO2, and the contribution from seasonally dry tropical forests is not negligible. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify and evaluate the seasonal and annual patterns of CO2 exchanges in the Caatinga biome, as well as to evaluate the ecosystem condition as carbon sink or source during years. In addition, we analyzed the climatic factors that control the seasonal variability of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco) and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Results showed that the dynamics of the components of the CO2 fluxes varied depending on the magnitude and distribution of rainfall and, as a consequence, on the variability of the vegetation state. Annual cumulative NEE was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 2014 (−169.0 g C m−2) when compared to 2015 (−145.0 g C m−2) and annual NEP/GPP ratio was 0.41 in 2014 and 0.43 in 2015. Global radiation, air and soil temperature were the main factors associated with the diurnal variability of carbon fluxes. Even during the dry season, the NEE was at equilibrium and the Caatinga acted as an atmospheric carbon sink during the years 2014 and 2015.
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1 Climate Sciences Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9687 399X)
2 Federal University of Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882, Zip Code 58429-900, Universitário, Meteorology Post-graduate Program, Campina Grande, Brazil (GRID:grid.411182.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0169 5930)
3 Av. Francisco Lopes de Almeida, s/n, Zip Code 58434-700, Serrotão, National Institute of Semi-Arid, Campina Grande, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6)
4 Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Lagoa Nova, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9687 399X)
5 Climate Sciences Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9687 399X); Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Lagoa Nova, Brazil (GRID:grid.411233.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9687 399X)
6 Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Santarém, Brazil (GRID:grid.448725.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0509 0076)
7 Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Nuclear Energy, Recife, Brazil (GRID:grid.411227.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0670 7996)