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Abstract
Hβ zeolite is modified in the microwave acetic acid and evaluated in the one-pot synthesis of anthraquinone from benzene and phthalic anhydride. Under the optimized conditions, the Hβ zeolite modified in 0.9 mol/L acetic acid solution exhibits the best catalytic activity, in which the conversion of phthalic anhydride and its selectivity to anthraquinone are 54.71% and 62.56%, respectively. A series of catalysts are characterized using BET, XRD, XRF, NH3-TPD, FT-IR, Py-IR, SEM, and XPS. The high activity is mainly attributed to the suitable acid strength. Increasing the specific surface area and pore volume fraction also promotes the reaction. On the other hand, the deposition of carbon atoms results in the deactivation of the catalyst. However, the catalytic activity can be effectively recovered by calcination regeneration, and still shows good catalytic activity after five times. Graphic Abstract
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1 Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao, China (GRID:grid.412610.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2229 7077)
2 Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao, China (GRID:grid.412610.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2229 7077); Shandong University of Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Qingdao, China (GRID:grid.412508.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 1799 3811)
3 Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao, China (GRID:grid.412610.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2229 7077); Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Polyphase Fluid Reaction and Separation Engineering Key Laboratory of the Shandong, Qingdao, China (GRID:grid.412610.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2229 7077)