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Abstract
Since the beginnings of hip-hop music, there have been songs that contained references to selling and using drugs. As hip-hop grows in popularity and gains mainstream attention all over the world, there are more songs than ever before that reference selling and using drugs. Many school-aged children, especially students who view hip-hop artists as role models and aspire to live a life that mirrors them, are exposed to these negative behaviors. The overwhelming majority of commercially successful hip-hop artists are African American; yet in American education there remains an achievement gap that has existed for decades. Many hip-hop artists reference selling drugs or other illegal activities as their pathway to success. Students who idolize hip-hop artists and attempt to duplicate their experiences may elevate their own propensity for risky behavior, contributing to the educational achievement gap. This frequency and lyrical analysis research utilizes a descriptive format to conduct an in-depth analysis of every hip-hop song on the Billboard Top 100 Hip-Hop/R&B Songs of 2017 for all references to the usage, abuse or sell of all pharmaceutical and/or recreational narcotics. Frequency counts of each reference will be detailed as well as descriptions of each lyric.