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1. Introduction
Information technologies (ITs) have become ubiquitous in professional activities, disrupting and affecting all core processes and operations (Devaraj and Kohli, 2003; Nwamen, 2006). When integrated with the ecosystem of businesses, IT can produce visible impacts, especially on the relationship between the company and its customers, prospects, and partners (Lauterbach, 2019; Nwamen, 2006). They also play a key role in the way companies’ processes and operations will evolve. Today, AI remains the most spectacular IT application, a technology that has gone through an unequaled development over the last decades (Blanchet, 2016; Lee et al., 2018; Wiljer and Hakim, 2019). It is defined as a set of “theories and techniques used to create machines capable of simulating intelligence. AI is a general term that involves the use of a computer to model intelligent behavior with minimal human intervention” (Benko and Lányi, 2009; Haenlein and Kaplan, 2019; McCorduck et al., 1977). IDC estimates that 40% of digital transformation initiatives in 2019 will use AI services and that 75% of business applications will use AI by 2021 (Crews, 2019). To improve productivity and develop new services, organizations will have to rely even more on AI to improve their performance (CIGREF, 2016, 2018; Crews, 2019). Since the early 2010s, the American GAFAM or the Chinese BATX, among many others, have embarked on a frantic race for AI, focusing on its most promising component which is the “Learning Systems” (Machine Learning or Deep Learning) (Lee et al., 2018; Pwc, 2019; Vochozka et al., 2018). However, the benefits and immense possibilities offered by AI make it a market of the future par excellence (Pwc, 2018, 2019; Tractica, 2018). The digital revolution has already produced its effects by transforming the world into a modern one characterized by the supremacy of data in every business activity Data is no longer confined to data centers. With sensors of any kind, any object or environment of objects is henceforth capable of measuring and producing data (Dopico et al., 2016; Lee et al., 2018; Sheth, 2016). Industrial and digital (information) revolutions have undoubtedly had a financial impact on virtually every aspect of our society, life, business, and employment (Blanchet, 2016; Yoav Shoham, 2018). Will the next AI revolution...