Content area
Full Text
Abstract
Background: One of the strategies to prevent suicide is to use screening method for suicide risk in the community. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of Sheehan-Suicidality Tracking Scale (S-STS) with Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) as the gold standard; thus the scale is expected to be a screening tool for suicide risk in Indonesia.
Methods: This was a descriptive-observational study with cross-sectional design on 300 respondents in Surabaya general population in April 2018. Measurement instruments were S-STS and BSSI self-reports.
Results: The average age group of the respondents was 26-35 years. There were 38 respondents (12.67%) positive of suicide risk with BSSI and S-STS with a cut-off >16. All of the items were valid. The sensitivity and specificity of S-STS compared to BSSI for screening tool of suicide risk were 100% and 96.32%, respectively (Area Under Curve = 0.991). Reliability test with Cronbach's alpha was 0.9802 (95% CI 0.9796-0.9846).
Conclusions: S-STS is a valid and reliable instrument for detecting suicidal risk in general population in Surabaya, Indonesia, and there were 9.33% of adult population at risk of suicide.
Keywords: suicide risk, validity, reliability, S-STS, BSSI
INTRODUCTION
Suicide is a major problem in the field of public health throughout the world. This phenomenon globally causes one million people to die each year (Biddle et al. 2004; De Leo et al. 2005). WHO data in 2016 stated that 800,000 people worldwide die every year, and there are more than two thousand suicides every day. Based on statistical data from the National Institute of Mental Health, suicide is the number two cause of death for the age of 15-35 years. The number of victims killed by suicide even exceeds the total number of deaths due to homicide and war (Beck et al. 1979).
In the United Kingdom, suicide is the leading cause of death in men aged 20-49 years, higher than deaths caused by traffic accidents, cardiovascular disease, or cancer (Simms et al. 2017). Adolescents from lowerincome families or neighborhoods also report higher rate of suicidal ideation (CheeK.-Y. et al. 2015). According to WHO data, suicide rates in Indonesia continue to show a significant increase. In 2010, there were 5000 cases, while in 2012, the figure increased to...