Widening Circles: A Grounded Theory Study of Workplace Leadership

Abstract

Restorative Practices is an emerging field in the social sciences aimed at advancing participatory learning and decision making. Using Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) methodology, this research explores how the implementation of Restorative Practices in workplaces influences how people practice leadership. The theory of Widening Circles was co-constructed from intensive and iterative interviewing of sixteen participants until theoretical saturation led to qualitative generalizations. The emerging theory of Widening Circles asserts that when leaders model accountability, vulnerability, and engagement, they produce a sense of stewardship, trust, and belonging. In the resulting restorative culture, what differentiates a natural sense of belonging among small groups that naturally like each other, is a leader creating the expectations of holding all employees accountable to engage and develop a scaffolding of courage to be more fully known. Specific processes such as adapting affective language, facilitating dialogue in circles, team building, developing transparency, and intentional reciprocity can positively influence the workplace. Future research using the theory of Widening Circles could include identifying means to develop more inclusive organizational methods and possibly expand its relevance beyond workplace contexts. Keywords: Restorative Practices, leadership, circles, organizational culture, workplace, Constructivist Grounded Theory, inclusiveness