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Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are primary innate immune cells that exhibit diverse functions in response to different pathogens or stimuli, and they are extensively involved in the pathology of various diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by live cells. As vital messengers, macrophage-derived EVs (Mφ-EVs) can transfer multiple types of bioactive molecules from macrophages to recipient cells, modulating the biological function of recipient cells. In recent years, Mφ-EVs have emerged as vital mediators not only in the pathology of multiple diseases such as inflammatory diseases, fibrosis and cancers, but also as mediators of beneficial effects in immunoregulation, cancer therapy, infectious defense, and tissue repair. Although many investigations have been performed to explore the diverse functions of Mφ-EVs in disease pathology and intervention, few studies have comprehensively summarized their detailed biological roles as currently understood. In this review, we briefly introduced an overview of macrophage and EV biology, and primarily focusing on current findings and future perspectives with respect to the pathological and therapeutic effects of Mφ-EVs in various diseases.
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Details
1 Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China (GRID:grid.13291.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 0807 1581)
2 Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China (GRID:grid.13291.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 0807 1581); Sichuan University, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China (GRID:grid.13291.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 0807 1581)
3 Sichuan University, Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China (GRID:grid.13291.38) (ISNI:0000 0001 0807 1581)