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Abstract
Purpose
An increasing prevalence of work-related stress and employees’ mental health impairments in the health care sector calls for preventive actions. A significant factor in the workplace that is thought to influence employees’ mental health is leadership behavior. Hence, effective leadership interventions to foster employees’ (leaders’ and staff members’) mental health might be an important measure to address this pressing issue.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement (Liberati et al. 2009) and systematically searched the following databases: PubMed (PMC), Web of Science, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), EconLit (EBSCOhost), and Business Source Premier (EBSCOhost). In addition, we performed a hand search of the reference lists of relevant articles. We included studies investigating leadership interventions in the health care sector that aimed to maintain/foster employees’ mental health.
Results
The systematic search produced 11,221 initial search hits in relevant databases. After the screening process and additional literature search, seven studies were deemed eligible according to the inclusion criteria. All studies showed at least a moderate global validity and four of the included studies showed statistically significant improvements of mental health as a result of the leadership interventions.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, leadership interventions with reflective and interactive parts in group settings at several seminar days seem to be the most promising strategy to address mental health in health care employees. As the available evidence is limited, efforts to design and scientifically evaluate such interventions should be extended.
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Details
1 University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany (GRID:grid.411544.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0196 8249)
2 University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Health Services Research, Tuebingen, Germany (GRID:grid.411544.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0196 8249)
3 Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm, Germany (GRID:grid.410712.1)
4 Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Department of Business Administration, in particular, Work Human Resource Management and Organization Studies, Düsseldorf, Germany (GRID:grid.411327.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2176 9917)
