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Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are regulated by the relative ratio of the differentiation factor, receptor activator NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Dental tissue-localized-resorbing cells called odontoclasts have regulatory factors considered as identical to those of osteoclasts; however, it is still unclear whether the RANKL/OPG ratio is a key factor for odontoclast regulation in dental pulp. Here, we showed that odontoclast regulators, macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1, RANKL, and OPG were detectable in mouse pulp of molars, but OPG was dominantly expressed. High OPG expression was expected to have a negative regulatory effect on odontoclastogenesis; however, odontoclasts were not detected in the dental pulp of OPG-deficient (KO) mice. In contrast, damage induced odontoclast-like cells were seen in wild-type pulp tissues, with their number significantly increased in OPG-KO mice. Relative ratio of RANKL/OPG in the damaged pulp was significantly higher than in undamaged control pulp. Pulp damages enhanced hypoxia inducible factor-1α and -2α, reported to increase RANKL or decrease OPG. These results reveal that the relative ratio of RANKL/OPG is significant to pulpal odontoclastogenesis, and that OPG expression is not required for maintenance of pulp homeostasis, but protects pulp from odontoclastogenesis caused by damages.
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1 Tokyo Dental College, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.265070.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 1092 3624)
2 Matsumoto Dental University, Department of Orthodontics, Nagano, Japan (GRID:grid.411611.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3845)
3 Matsumoto Dental University, Institute for Oral Science, Nagano, Japan (GRID:grid.411611.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3845)
4 Matsumoto Dental University, Department of Oral Histology, Nagano, Japan (GRID:grid.411611.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3845)
5 Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Department of Histology, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido, Japan (GRID:grid.412021.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1769 5590)
6 Matsumoto Dental University, Department of Oral Biochemistry, Nagano, Japan (GRID:grid.411611.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3845)
7 Tokyo Dental College, Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.265070.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 1092 3624); Matsumoto Dental University, Department of Oral Biochemistry, Nagano, Japan (GRID:grid.411611.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3845)