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1. Introduction
Understanding the relationship between tourists' emotions and subsequent behavioral intentions remains a major challenge for many tourism researchers and destination marketers (Hosany and Prayag, 2013; Breitsohl and Garrod, 2016; Bigné et al., 2005). Tourism experience offers a complex mix of emotions toward a specific destination (Noy, 2007), some of these emotions create a positive evaluation of the experience of tourism, while other emotions may create a negative experience. That positive or negative evaluation of the tourist experience may reflect on the overall tourists' satisfaction, as well as on destination loyalty (Santos et al., 2017; Bigné et al., 2005).
Tourism academics have long sought to test the complex relationships among these three constructs (emotions, satisfaction and loyalty) (Lee et al., 2008; Prayag et al., 2013; Bigné et al., 2005). Most agreed on the crucial role of positive emotions in shaping tourist satisfaction and future behavior (Prayag et al., 2017; Choi and Choi, 2018). Also, there was a general trend among tourism researchers to consider that negative emotions are a main barrier to the tourist and have negative consequences for tourists' satisfaction and spread positive word of mouth (WOM) (Prayag et al., 2013; Buda, 2015). Nevertheless, recently many studies discussed the possibility of positive impacts of negative emotions on the behavior of tourists, and most of these studies examined the negative emotions and their consequences in sites or destinations that were renowned as risk zones (Nawijn and Biran, 2018; Juvan and Dolnicar, 2014). However, in the meantime, there was a neglect to examine the possibility of facing such negative emotions by tourists in a destination well-known as a happy destination (e.g. Switzerland) (Chen and Li, 2018); for example, the possibility to face language difficulties, cultural differences, which in turn might cause negative emotions such as anger or sadness.
By reviewing tourism literature, we can notice that even though tourists' emotions (positive and/or negative) play a significant role to be satisfied and revisit a destination, the tourists who had a positive perceived quality as well have more plans to come back to a destination (Žabkar et al., 2010). Tourism researchers have also found that perceived quality is considered as a significant factor influencing the emotions associated with...