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Abstract
Understanding the dynamics between the East Asian summer (EASM) and winter monsoon (EAWM) is needed to predict their variability under future global warming scenarios. Here, we investigate the relationship between EASM and EAWM as well as the mechanisms driving their variability during the last 10,000 years by stacking marine and terrestrial (non-speleothem) proxy records from the East Asian realm. This provides a regional and proxy independent signal for both monsoonal systems. The respective signal was subsequently analysed using a linear regression model. We find that the phase relationship between EASM and EAWM is not time-constant and significantly depends on orbital configuration changes. In addition, changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation, Arctic sea-ice coverage, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Sun Spot numbers contributed to millennial scale changes in the EASM and EAWM during the Holocene. We also argue that the bulk signal of monsoonal activity captured by the stacked non-speleothem proxy records supports the previously argued bias of speleothem climatic archives to moisture source changes and/or seasonality.
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Details
1 University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam-Golm, Germany (GRID:grid.11348.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0942 1117)
2 Heidelberg University, Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany (GRID:grid.7700.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 4373)
3 LIAG, Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Hannover, Germany (GRID:grid.461783.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0073 2402)
4 University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Edgbaston, UK (GRID:grid.6572.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7486)
5 National Taiwan University, High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Taipei, Taiwan ROC (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241)
6 National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, Taipei City, Taiwan ROC (GRID:grid.19188.39) (ISNI:0000 0004 0546 0241)