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Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer deposited in the cell wall of specialised plant cells, where it provides essential cellular functions. Plants coordinate timing, location, abundance and composition of lignin deposition in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. In roots, a fine band of lignin, the Casparian strip encircles endodermal cells. This forms an extracellular barrier to solutes and water and plays a critical role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis. A signalling pathway senses the integrity of this diffusion barrier and can induce over-lignification to compensate for barrier defects. Here, we report that activation of this endodermal sensing mechanism triggers a transcriptional reprogramming strongly inducing the phenylpropanoid pathway and immune signaling. This leads to deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin. We also report that a complete loss of endodermal lignification drastically impacts mineral nutrients homeostasis and plant growth.
Defects in the Casparian strip, a fine band of lignin that seals root endodermal cells and plays roles in nutrient homeostasis, activate a signaling pathway leading to over-lignification. Here, the authors show that this process leads to the deposition of compensatory lignin that is chemically distinct from Casparian strip lignin.
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1 University of Nottingham, Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, UK (GRID:grid.4563.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8868)
2 University of Nottingham, Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, UK (GRID:grid.4563.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8868); University of Geneva, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Geneva, Switzerland (GRID:grid.8591.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 4988)
3 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, USA (GRID:grid.10698.36) (ISNI:0000000122483208)
4 Biophore, University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9851.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2165 4204); National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (GRID:grid.288127.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 0466 9350)
5 University of Nottingham, School of Chemistry, Nottingham, UK (GRID:grid.4563.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8868)
6 Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, France (GRID:grid.460789.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 4910 6535)
7 Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium (GRID:grid.5342.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2069 7798); Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium (GRID:grid.11486.3a) (ISNI:0000000104788040)
8 University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France (GRID:grid.121334.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 0141); University of Salamanca, Excellence Unit AGRIENVIRONMENT, CIALE, Salamanca, Spain (GRID:grid.11762.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2180 1817)
9 Biophore, University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Lausanne, Switzerland (GRID:grid.9851.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2165 4204)
10 University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France (GRID:grid.121334.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 0141)
11 University of Nottingham, School of Chemistry, Nottingham, UK (GRID:grid.4563.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8868); The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo, China (GRID:grid.50971.3a) (ISNI:0000 0000 8947 0594)