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Abstract
Stimuli previously paired with drugs of dependence can produce cravings that are associated with increased dopamine (DA) levels in limbic and striatal brain areas. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with [11C]-(+)-PHNO allows for a sensitive measurement of changes in DA levels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in DA levels, measured with PET imaging with [11C]-(+)-PHNO, in regions of interest in smokers who had maintained abstinence for 7–10 days. Participants (N = 10) underwent two PET scans on separate days, during which they viewed either smoking-related or neutral images, in counterbalanced order. Craving was measured with the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) and the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-B). Compared to neutral cues, smoking cues did not increase craving. There were no changes in [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the cue condition compared to the neutral condition for most regions of interest (ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, limbic striatum, associative striatum, sensorimotor striatum). However, binding potential in the substantia nigra was greater in the smoking-cue condition, indicating decreased synaptic dopamine. There is a potential change of DA level occurring in midbrain following the presentation of smoking-related cues. However, this preliminary finding would need to be validated with a larger sample.
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1 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938); Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925)
2 University of Chicago, Chicago, USA (GRID:grid.170205.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7822)
3 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Addiction Imaging Research Group, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925)
4 Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
5 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Addictions Division, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Addiction Imaging Research Group, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938); University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Sciences, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)
6 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Addictions Division, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.155956.b) (ISNI:0000 0000 8793 5925); University of Toronto, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938); University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Sciences, Toronto, Canada (GRID:grid.17063.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2157 2938)