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Abstract
The advanced image sensors installed on now-ubiquitous smartphones can be used to detect ionising radiation in addition to visible light. Radiation incidents on a smartphone camera’s Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor creates a signal which can be isolated from a visible light signal to turn the smartphone into a radiation detector. This work aims to report a detailed investigation of a well-reviewed smartphone application for radiation dosimetry that is available for popular smartphone devices under a calibration protocol that is typically used for the commercial calibration of radiation detectors. The iPhone 6s smartphone, which has a CMOS camera sensor, was used in this study. Black tape was utilized to block visible light. The Radioactivity counter app developed by Rolf-Dieter Klein and available on Apple’s App Store was installed on the device and tested using a calibrated radioactive source, calibration concrete pads with a range of known concentrations of radioactive elements, and in direct sunlight. The smartphone CMOS sensor is sensitive to radiation doses as low as 10 µGy/h, with a linear dose response and an angular dependence. The RadioactivityCounter app is limited in that it requires 4–10 min to offer a stable measurement. The precision of the measurement is also affected by heat and a smartphone’s battery level. Although the smartphone is not as accurate as a conventional detector, it is useful enough to detect radiation before the radiation reaches hazardous levels. It can also be used for personal dose assessments and as an alarm for the presence of high radiation levels.
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1 General Directorate of Health Affairs in Aseer Region, Medical Physics Department, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953)
2 Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, Australia (GRID:grid.1024.7) (ISNI:0000000089150953)
3 King Saud Medical City, Nuclear Medicine Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.415998.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0445 6726)
4 King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Medical Physics Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.56302.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 5396)
5 Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Physics Department, College of Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.449346.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 0501 7602)
6 Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.449553.a)