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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

A multiresidue analytical methodology based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS), has been developed for trace analysis of 20 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The SPME conditions are optimized considering several key parameters to obtain the maximum sensitivity. After the optimization, the method validation is performed, and the limits of detection (ranged from 2–150 ng/L) and the coefficient of determination (above 0.990) of studied compounds are determined for all the analytes. A robust sampling of twenty sampling points of surface water samples from the north and center of Portugal is performed, and the validated methodology is applied. In total, 20 compounds from four chemical families (13 organochlorine, 1 organophosphorus, 2 dicarboximide, and 4 pyrethroids) are studied, and the pesticides most frequently detected are eight organochlorine pesticides (α-, β-HCHs, lindane, HCB, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, α-endosulfan), cypermethrin, and vinclozolin.

Details

Title
Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS
Author
Vera, José 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Virgínia Cruz Fernandes 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Correia-Sá, Luísa 1 ; Mansilha, Catarina 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Delerue-Matos, Cristina 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Domingues, Valentina F 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (J.V.); [email protected] (L.C.-S.); [email protected] (C.D.-M.); [email protected] (V.F.D.) 
 REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; [email protected]; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, R. Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal 
First page
81
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22978739
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2544936066
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.