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Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis associated with diarrhea is considered a serious disease in Africa and South Asia. In this study, we examined the trends in the causative pathogens of diarrhea and the corresponding gut microbiota in Ghana using microbiome analysis performed on diarrheic stools via 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 80 patients with diarrhea and 34 healthy adults as controls, from 2017 to 2018, were enrolled in the study. Among the patients with diarrhea, 39 were norovirus-positive and 18 were rotavirus-positive. The analysis of species richness (Chao1) was lower in patients with diarrhea than that in controls. Beta-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. Several diarrhea-related pathogens (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella and Campylobacter) were detected in patients with diarrhea. Furthermore, co-infection with these pathogens and enteroviruses (e.g., norovirus and rotavirus) was observed in several cases. Levels of both Erysipelotrichaceae and Staphylococcaceae family markedly differed between norovirus-positive and -negative diarrheic stools, and the 10 predicted metabolic pathways, including the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, showed significant differences between rotavirus-positive patients with diarrhea and controls. This comparative study of diarrheal pathogens in Ghana revealed specific trends in the gut microbiota signature associated with diarrhea and that pathogen-dependent dysbiosis occurred in viral gastroenteritis.
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1 The University of Tokyo, The Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X)
2 University of Ghana, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.8652.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1485)
3 University of Ghana, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.8652.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 1485); Kumamoto University, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto, Japan (GRID:grid.274841.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0660 6749); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Research Center, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.410795.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2220 1880)
4 Mie University, Mie, Japan (GRID:grid.260026.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 555X)
5 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Research Center, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.410795.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2220 1880)
6 The University of Tokyo, The Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X); Kumamoto University, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto, Japan (GRID:grid.274841.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 0660 6749); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Research Center, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.410795.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2220 1880)
7 National Mie Hospital, Mie, Japan (GRID:grid.415573.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0621 2362)
8 Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana (GRID:grid.434994.7) (ISNI:0000 0001 0582 2706)
9 The University of Tokyo, The Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan (GRID:grid.26999.3d) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 536X); Chiba University, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan (GRID:grid.136304.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0370 1101); University of California San Diego, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), Department of Medicine, San Diego, USA (GRID:grid.266100.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 4242)