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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a clear summary of motivational theories. It is known that in order to start and finish a certain job, there must firstly be a motive that pushes the person to do something. This motive may be related to the satisfaction that person has while performing the job, to his/her desire to act, or to his/her expectations of the outcome. All of these are related to the motivation that a person has to perform in one way or another. The higher the motivation, the better the result of a job done. In this way, motivation theories present explanations, each in its own form, of how individuals should be motivated for better performance, respectively how employees in the organization should be motivated so that their work results in achievement of organizational goals.
Keywords: motivation; motivation theories; employees; task performance; organizational goals..
1.Introduction
Employee Motivation is a widely practiced exercise today across all corporate sectors regardless of their size of being either big or small. The concept of motivation is derived from a Latin word "movere" which means "to move". Motivation is what moves the employees from dullness to interest (Mohsan, et al., 2004). Managers, in order to avoid and solve potential challenges and problems, should use their knowledge, skills, attitudes and experiences in formulating effective development strategies that will enable the achievement of goals (Tahiri & Kovaçi, 2017). When it comes to motivation, managers take various actions and invest significant amounts of time, energy and money in improving the employees' labour performance. We believe, however, that some practitioners focus on identifying and satisfying the employees' needs alone (of physiological, material, social, professional, moral, spiritual, cognitive nature, etc.), ignoring the fact the efficiency and effectiveness of a motivational process are influenced by other constituents of the motivational system, also. Motivation is considered to be the process through which an employee is able to gain superior work performance as a consequence of going through the following phases: motivation, satisfaction, self motivation, work involvement. The motivational system is an ensemble of very diverse components that include a multitude of interconnected physical, mental and moral (spiritual) variables, which influence the process of motivation (Popa & Salanţă, 2012).
Motivation refers to the...