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© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Several Membrane Distillation (MD) technologies have been employed to remove boron from various concentrations. In this study, Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD), Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD), and Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) are examined to evaluate their effectiveness when combined with several boron concentrations (1.5, 7 and 30 ppm) and operating parameters (circulation rate from 0.9 L/min to 5 L/min, feed temperature from 40 to 70 °C, and pH from 3–11). Those concentrations of boron are selected on the basis of the concentration of boron in the permeate side of the single-pass reverse osmosis (RO) system, Arabian Gulf, and contaminated brackish water. Moreover, synthetic seawater is treated to assess MD technologies’ effectiveness. A high removal efficiency of boron is accomplished by MD. AGMD, PGMD, and VMD are promising methods for the desalination industry. AGMD shows excellent boron removal, which was above 99% with a wide ranging concentration. In addition, VMD demonstrates good permeate flux compared to the other MD technologies, which were about 5.8 kg/m2·h for synthetic seawater. Furthermore, there is no noteworthy influence of the pH value on the boron removal efficiency.

Details

Title
Boron Removal by Membrane Distillation: A Comparison Study
Author
Alkhudhiri, Abdullah 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Nawaf Bin Darwish 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Mohammed Wali Hakami 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Abdullah, AbdelKader 3 ; Alsadun, Ahmed 1 ; Hosam Abu Homod 1 

 National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (N.B.D.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (H.A.H.) 
 Chemical Engineering Technology Department, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City 31961, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 
 College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 655, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 
First page
263
Publication year
2020
Publication date
2020
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20770375
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2549095533
Copyright
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.