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Abstract
We evaluated trajectories of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) for 5 years after diagnosis among Korean children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the common data model. From the de-identified database of three hospitals, 889 patients < 15 years of age diagnosed with T1D or T2D (393 boys, 664 T1D patients) were enrolled. Diagnosis was defined as first exposure to antidiabetic drug at each center. Compared with T2D patients, T1D patients had lower BMIz at diagnosis (− 0.4 ± 1.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.4, p < 0.001) and 3 months (− 0.1 ± 1.0 vs. 1.5 ± 1.5, p < 0.001), and higher HbA1c levels at diagnosis (10.0 ± 2.6% vs. 9.5 ± 2.7%, p < 0.01). After 3 months, HbA1c levels reached a nadir of 7.6% and 6.5% in T1D and T2D patients, respectively, followed by progressive increases; only 10.4% of T1D and 29.7% of T2D patients achieved the recommended HbA1c target (< 7.0%) at 60 months. T1D patients showed consistent increases in BMIz; T2D patients showed no significant change in BMIz during follow-up. Peri-pubertal girls with T1D had higher HbA1c and BMIz values. Achieving optimal glycemic control and preventing obesity should be emphasized in pediatric diabetes care.
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1 Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.412482.9) (ISNI:0000 0004 0484 7305); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905)
2 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Office of eHealth Research and Businesses, Seongnam, Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)
3 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seongnam, Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)
4 Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seongnam, Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378); Korea University College of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678)
5 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Office of eHealth Research and Businesses, Seongnam, Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Seongnam, Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)
6 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905)
7 Seoul National University Hospital, Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.412484.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0302 820X); Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Data Science Research, Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.412484.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0302 820X)
8 Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Data Science Research, Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.412484.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0302 820X)
9 University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.267370.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0533 4667)
10 University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.267370.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0533 4667); University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.267370.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0533 4667); Asan Medical Center, Health Innovation Big Data Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.413967.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0842 2126)
11 University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.267370.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0533 4667)
12 Asan Medical Center, Health Innovation Big Data Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.413967.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0842 2126)
13 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea (GRID:grid.31501.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5905); Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Seongnam, Korea (GRID:grid.412480.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3378)