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ABSTRACT:
Objectives: Various analytical techniques are applied in pharmaceutical field to estimate the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients, amount of drug in biological fluids and in formulations. The aim of this review article is to provide utmost existing analytical methods for analysis of dihydropyridines based calcium channel blockers for estimation of Amlodipine, Lacidipine, Isradipine, Nifedipine, Felodipine, and Cilnidipine in pure form, biological fluids (like Human Plasma, Human Serum, Human Urine etc.,) and its related formulations including novel formulations. Dihydropyridines based Calcium Channel blockers is a major chemical class of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and various coronary artery diseases. Evidence acquisition: Current analytical techniques available for active pharmaceutical ingredients and its related formulations are tabulated with extensive method conditions which can be used in analysis of dihydropyridines based calcium channel blockers drugs outlined from official pharmacopoeias and other relevant research articles. Conclusion: Various analytical techniques such as HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC, GC, LC-MS, and GC-MS are involved. This review assists in appropriate selection of analytical technique, solvent, mobile phase, column, detector based on available analytical instruments and chemicals, by referring tabulated extensive method conditions. It can be implemented in quality control and quality assurance department for quality assessment of diverse pharmaceutical formulations.
KEYWORDS: Analytical techniques, Dihydropyridines, Calcium channel blockers, Hypertension, Coronary artery diseases.
INTRODUCTION:
Analytical techniques include titrimetric techniques, chromatographic techniques, and spectroscopic techniques. Chromatographic techniques include TLC, HPLC, GC. Spectroscopic techniques include Spectrophotometry, Infra red spectroscopy, Fluorimtery, Phosphorimetry, Electrochemical methods, Electrophoretic methods1. HPLC or LC is a powerful separation technique2,3. HPLC can be coupled with various spectroscopic techniques by the means of selection of the detector. HPLC hyphenated techniques are Ultra-violet Visible detector (UV), HPLC-MS Mass Spectrometer, HPLC-FTIR (Fourier-transform Infra-red Spectroscopy), HPLC-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrophotometer), HPLC-RI (Refractive Index detector) 3-5. Electrochemical techniques have found widespread application as sensors for continuous analysis as well as for low resolution chromatograph 6. UPLC is a novel technique of Liquid chromatography. UPLC is more selective and sensitive with high resolution performance and faster resolving power. With UPLC increased resolution in shorter run times can generate more information faster without sacrifices. Higher sample throughput with more information per sample may decrease the time to market, an important driving force in today's pharmaceutical industry 7 8. UPLC...