Abstract

Purpose

One of the major contributors to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the condition of loading in the knee joint. Innovatively designed load-sharing implants may be effective in terms of reducing joint load. The effects of these implants on contact joint mechanics can be evaluated through cadaver experiments. In this work, a case study is carried out with cadaver knee specimens to carry out a preliminary investigation into a novel load-sharing knee implant, in particular to study the surgical procedures required for attachment, and to determine the contact pressures in the joint with and without the implant.

Methods

Contact pressure in the tibiofemoral joint was measured using pressure mapping sensors, with and without the implant, and radiographs were conducted to investigate the influence of the implant on joint space. The implant was designed from a 3D model of the specimen reconstructed by segmenting MR images of the knee, and it was manufactured by CNC machining.

Results

It was observed that attachment of the implant does not affect the geometry of the hard/soft tissues. Radiographs showed that the implant led to an increase in the joint space on the medial side. Contact pressure measurements showed that the implant reduced the load on the medial side by approximately 18% under all tested loading conditions. By increasing the load from 800 to 1600 N, the percentage of load reduction in the lateral side was decreased by 8%. After applying 800, 1200, and 1600 N load it was observed that the peak contact pressures were 3.7, 4.6, and 5.5 MPa, respectively.

Conclusions

This new knee implant shows some promise as a treatment for OA, through its creation of a conducive loading environment in the knee joint, without sacrificing or damaging any of the hard or soft tissues. This device could be as effective as, for example, the Atlas® system, but without some complications seen with other devices; this would need to be validated through similar results being observed in an appropriate in vivo study.

Details

Title
Preliminary biomechanical cadaver study investigating a new load-sharing knee implant
Author
Saeidi Mehdi 1 ; Kelly, Piaras A 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Netzel, Christian 3 ; Scadeng Miriam 4 ; Kumar, Pranesh 5 ; Prendergast, Deborah 6 ; Neitzert, Thomas 1 ; Ramezani Maziar 1 

1  Auckland University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand (GRID:grid.252547.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 0705 7067) 
2  University of Auckland, Department of Engineering Science, Auckland, New Zealand (GRID:grid.9654.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3343) 
3  University of Auckland, Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand (GRID:grid.9654.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3343) 
4  University of Auckland, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand (GRID:grid.9654.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3343); University of California, Centre for Functional MRI, Department of Radiology, San Diego, USA (GRID:grid.266100.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 4242) 
5  Whanganui Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Whanganui, New Zealand (GRID:grid.266100.3) 
6  University of Auckland, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand (GRID:grid.9654.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0372 3343) 
Publication year
2021
Publication date
Dec 2021
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
e-ISSN
21971153
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-021-00379-2
ProQuest document ID
2561133152
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.