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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Noroviruses (NoVs), a group of single-stranded RNA viruses causing epidemic acute gastroenteritis in humans, are highly diverse, consisting of multiple genogroups with >30 genotypes. Their continual evolutions make NoV vaccine design and development difficult. Here, we report a study of NoV sequences obtained from a population-based diarrhea surveillance in Zhengding County of Hebei Province spanning from 2001 to 2019 and those available in the GenBank database from 1966 to 2019. NoV genotypes and/or variants that may evade immunity were screened and identified based on primary and conformational structures for vaccine design. We selected 366, 301, 139, 74 and 495 complete VP1-coding nucleotide sequences representing the predominant genotypes of GII.4, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6 and GII.17, respectively. A total of 16 distinct GII.4 variants were identified, showing a typical linear evolutionary pattern of variant replacement, while only 1–4 variants of the other genotypes were found to co-circulate over the 40–50-year period without typical variant replacement. The vaccine strain GII.4c is close to variant Sydney_2012 (0.053) in their primary structure, but they are distinct at epitopes A and E in conformations. Our data suggested GII.4 variant Sydney_2012, GII.2 variant A, a GII.3 strain, GII.6 variants B and C and GII.17 variant D are primary candidate strains for NoV vaccine development.

Details

Title
Prevalence and Evolution of Noroviruses between 1966 and 2019, Implications for Vaccine Design
Author
Hong-Lu, Zhou 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Li-Na, Chen 1 ; Song-Mei, Wang 2 ; Tan, Ming 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Qiu, Chao 1 ; Tian-Yi, Qiu 4 ; Xuan-Yi, Wang 5 

 Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; [email protected] (H.-L.Z.); [email protected] (L.-N.C.); [email protected] (C.Q.) 
 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Training Center of Medical Experiments, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; [email protected] 
 Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; [email protected]; College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA 
 Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China 
 Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; [email protected] (H.-L.Z.); [email protected] (L.-N.C.); [email protected] (C.Q.); Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai 200032, China 
First page
1012
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20760817
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2565482558
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.