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Abstract
New shorter treatment regimens for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. The key roadblock in TB regimen development is lack of valid surrogate pharmacodynamic markers for TB relapse. A recently-proposed assay called the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis (RS) Ratio measures a fundamentally novel property, how drug impacts ongoing bacterial rRNA synthesis. A central difference between the RS ratio and existing PD markers is that most existing PD markers are designed to enumerate the burden of M. tuberculosis ( Mtb) while the RS ratio measures the effect of drugs on a fundamental physiologic parameter. This dissertation evaluated the RS Ratio in three different ways. First, when quantified in pre-treatment sputa from Ugandan patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB, the RS ratio was highly repeatable, reproducible and independent of markers of Mtb burden, confirming it measures a distinct property. Second, given the lack of established guidelines for measuring the precision and defining the limit of quantification of ratiometric assays – we developed and validated a new method for the RS ratio assay. Last, we contextualized the RS Ratio relative to two PD markers of Mtb burden in murine TB experiments. Our results suggest different types of PD markers elucidate different characteristics of treatment effect. In addition, the combination of PD markers improved our capacity to differentiate treatment regimens better than any individual PD markers.





