Graviton mass evaluation with trajectories of bright stars at the Galactic Center

Abstract

One could use trajectories of test particles to evaluate a gravitational potential. In particular, in the case of the Galactic Center one could use photon trajectories to analyze a shadow structure. Another way is to use bright stars near the Galactic Center to evaluate a gravitational potential and constrain parameters of a model for the Galactic Center. In particular, one could obtain constraints on parameters of black hole, stellar cluster and dark matter concentration. Earlier, we constrained parameters of Rⁿ and a Yukawa potential from observational data for the S2 star trajectory. Now gravity theories with a massive graviton are a subject of intensive studies. People proposed different experimental ways to evaluate a graviton mass. Recently, the joint LIGO & VIRGO collaboration reported not only a discovery of gravitational waves and binary black holes, but the team claimed also that found a constraint on a graviton mass as 1.2 × 10⁻²² eV. We show that an analysis of the S2 star trajectory could constrain a graviton mass with a comparable accuracy and this constraint is consistent with LIGO’s one.