PPP/PPP-RTK新进展与北斗/GNSS PPP定位性能比较

Abstract

首先简要回顾了精密单点定位（PPP）技术在最近几年的发展现状，重点总结了高采样率钟差实时快速估计、多系统组合PPP模糊度固定、多频GNSS PPP模型及其模糊度固定、PPP快速初始化、PPP-RTK等若干热点方向的最新研究进展。在此基础上，利用目前四大卫星导航系统（GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、北斗）最新的实际观测数据，全面比较分析了各系统及多系统组合PPP定位性能，重点给出了北斗二号+北斗三号PPP浮点解和固定解的定位精度、收敛时间和首次固定时间。结果表明：我国北斗导航卫星系统已经可以实现与其他导航卫星系统基本相当的PPP定位性能。北斗二号+北斗三号组合PPP的收敛时间/首次固定时间20~30 min；静态解的东、北、天方向定位精度在毫米到厘米级；动态解水平方向约5 cm，高程方向约7 cm；多系统组合可显著提高PPP定位精度、收敛时间和首次固定时间：固定解定位精度比浮点解在东、北、天方向分别提升了14.8%、12.0%和12.8%；相比单GPS，多系统组合PPP浮点解的收敛时间和固定解首次固定时间分别缩短了36.5%和40.4%。

Alternate abstract:

This paper begins with a brief review of the current state of development of precise point positioning (PPP) in recent years, with a focus on summarizing the latest research progress of several hotspots such as real-time rapid estimation of high-rate satellite clocks, multi-GNSS PPP ambiguity resolution, multi-frequency GNSS PPP models and ambiguity resolution, rapid initialization of PPP and PPP-RTK. Then, the evaluation of positioning performance of single/multi-GNSS PPP with latest observation of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BDS, especially the positioning accuracy, convergence time and time to first fix of BDS-2+3, is given. The results show that:PPP performance of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is comparable with other GNSS. The convergence time and time to first fix of BDS-2 and BDS-3 combined PPP are about 20~30 minutes, positioning accuracy of static PPP in east, north and up directions is at millimeter to centimeter level, while that of kinematic PPP reach 5 cm in horizontal and 7 cm in elevation direction. Multi-GNSS combination can improve positioning accuracy and shorten the convergence time and time to first fix significantly, the positioning accuracy of ambiguity-fixed solutions can be improved by 14.8, 12.0 and 12.8% in the east, north and up directions compared to float solutions, respectively. The convergence time and time to first fix of multi-GNSS PPP can be reduced by 36.5 and 40.4% compared to that of GPS PPP.