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Alternate abstract:
Large scale 3D city models become increasingly demanding for urban planning and management, environmental simulation, emergency response, navigation, virtual tourism and other scientific and public applications. Considerable achievements have been accomplished over the past two decades through joint efforts from multiple disciplines. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current technologies and recent progresses of 3D city modeling in data sources, modeling methods and platforms, 3D city model representation and interoperability. Finally, several representative examples of open city models across the world are described. Driven by the increasing diverse data, advanced yet affordable technology, and growing public and scientific needs, 3D city modeling is accelerating to be automatic, meticulous, semantic, standardized, seamless, and open to the general public.
