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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the most relevant determinants of new ventures initial capital structure, by developing an empirical study. Capital Structure has been one of the most controversial issues in financial literature during the past years. Although exists an enormous amount of empirical and theoretical studies on this topic, there is no agreement in choosing the optimal capital structure. Much of the existing research focuses on established firms, neglecting the field of entrepreneurial finance. Only recently, in the late 90s, the studies on capital structure were extended to start-ups and small firms. Concerning this, by combining Portuguese firm-level financial data with the matched employer-employee database, that contains unique and detailed information about the start-ups during the period 2004 to 2009, the influence of factors such as size, asset structure, growth orientation and owners' characteristics on start-ups initial capital structure were examined. The results support the hypotheses that size and asset structure have a positive impact on start-ups initial capital structure, while growth have a negative relation. These results are also consistent with the pecking order theory that incorporates information asymmetries issues and the trade-off theory with the agency problems. The level of significance and impact of owners' characteristics such as industry experience, regional experience, entrepreneurial experience, education, age and gender on start-ups initial capital structure varies widely, not providing consistent results.





