Context. Increasing the security of buildings by reducing the possibilities of spreading the fire resulting from compartment fires, can also be done by identifying sustainable constructive solutions for building envelopes and with the role of limiting the spread of fire on ETICS type fuel facades. Research in the literature highlights the need to validate the results obtained from natural scale tests performed to determine the fire resistance of ETICS systems using numerical calculation programs dedicated to this purpose.
Materials and methods. When a compartment fire develops in a residential building, the combustible façade of the building becomes vulnerable due to the possibility of the fire spreading vertically, thus endangering the houses on the upper floors. In order to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon, research in the field highlights the need to perform full-scale tests of ETICS type facade systems. Following these experimental tests, the aim is to identify constructive solutions to prevent the spread of compartment fires on the combustible facades of buildings and to obtain data that can later be the starting point for performing numerical computer simulations to validate the results and change the factors, which contributes to the spread and development of compartment fires on the facades of buildings.
Results and discussions. For the simulation of the combustible facade fires of the buildings, the researchers from INCERC Bucharest used the numerical fire modeling program - Pyrosim. The calculation program was used to model a fire developed in a fire compartment in accordance with the provisions of the British standard BS 8414. The modeling was performed using the numerical fire simulation model Pyrosim Fire Dynamics Simulator, and the utility was used to view the results of Smokeview, which is an integral part of the FDS freeware package. Before the actual simulation of the fire, the experimental stand was accurately implemented in the simulation program, so that the results obtained, by running the simulation program, are as close as possible to reality.
Conclusions. Within the INCERC Bucharest Branch, a series of theoretical and experimental studies were carried out in order to obtain data on the development of compartment fires, the evolution of temperatures inside the fire compartment and the action of fire on the combustible facades of a building. During these tests, the thermal load fire scenario provided for in the requirements of BS 8414 was taken into account. The results obtained after the Pyrosim calculation program, led to the visual validation of the effluents at different times from the beginning of the thermal charge combustion, as well as the validation of the temperatures recorded during the experimental test.
SIMULAREA INCENDIILOR DE COMPARTIMENT
Adrian SIMION
Dr. ing., INCD "URBAN-INCERC", Sucursala INCERC Bucureşti, e-mail: [email protected]
Claudiu Sorin DRAGOMIR
Dr. ing., INCD "URBAN-INCERC", Sucursala INCERC Bucureşti, e-mail: [email protected]
Daniela STOICA
Ing., INCD "URBAN-INCERC", Sucursala INCERC Bucureşti, e-mail: [email protected]
Context. Creşterea gradului de securitate a clădirilor prin reducerea posibilităţilor de propagare a focului rezultat din incendiile de compartiment, se poate efectua şi prin identificarea unor soluţii constructive durabile de anvelopare a clădirilor şi cu rol de limitare a propagării incendiului pe faţadele combustibile de tip ETICS. Cercetările din literatura de specialitate, scot în evidenţă necesitatea validării rezultatelor obţinute în urma testelor la scară naturală efectuate pentru determinarea rezistenţei la foc a sistemelor ETICS cu ajutorul programelor de calcul numeric dedicate acestui scop.
Metode de testare. Atunci când se dezvoltă un incendiu de compartiment la o clădire de locuit, faţada combustibilă a clădirii devine vulnerabilă prin posibilitatea propagării pe verticală a incendiului, punându-se astfel în pericol locuinţele de la etajele superioare. Pentru a preveni producerea acestui fenomen, cercetările în domeniu evidenţiază necesitatea efectuării unor încercări la scară naturală a sistemelor de faţade de tip ETICS. În urma acestor teste experimentale, se urmăreşte identificarea unor soluţii constructive care să împiedice propagarea incendiilor de compartiment pe faţadele combustibie ale clădirilor şi obţinerea unor date care ulterior pot constitui baza de plecare pentru efectuarea de simulări numerice de calcul în vederea validării rezultatelor obţinute şi modificarea factorilor care contribuie la propagarea şi dezvoltarea incediilor de compartiment pe faţadele clădirilor.
Rezultate si discuţii. Pentru simularea incendiilor de faţadă combustibilă ale clădirilor, cercetătorii din cadrul INCERC Bucureşti au utilizat programul de modelare numerică a incendiilor - Pyrosim. Programul de calcul a fost utilizat pentru a modela un incendiu dezvoltat într-un compartiment de incendiu conform cu prevederile din standardul britanic BS 8414. Modelarea s-a efectuat cu ajutorul modelului numeric de simulare a incendiului Pyrosim Fire Dynamics Simulator, iar utilitarul a fost utilizat pentru a vizualiza rezultatele Smokeview, care face parte integrantă din pachetul FDS freeware. Înainte de simularea propriu-zisă a incendiului, s-a implementat cu acurateţe standul experimental în programul de simulare, astfel încât rezultatele obţinute, prin rularea programului de simulare, să fie cât mai aproape de realitate.
Concluzii. În cadrul Sucursalei INCERC Bucureşti, au fost efectuate o serie de studii teoretice şi experimentale în vederea obţinerii unor date cu privire la dezvoltarea incendiilor de compartiment, evoluţia temperaturilor în interiorul compartimentului de incendiu şi acţiunea focului pe faţadele combustibile ale unei clădiri. În timpul acestor teste s-a luat în considerare scenariul de incendiu cu sarcina termică prevăzută în cerinţele standardului BS 8414. Rezultatele obţinute în urma derulării programului de calcul Pyrosim, au condus la validarea vizuală a efluenţilor în momente diferite de la începerea arderii sarcinii termică, precum şi validarea temperaturilor înregistrate în timpul testului experimental.
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Abstract
Context. Increasing the security of buildings by reducing the possibilities of spreading the fire resulting from compartment fires, can also be done by identifying sustainable constructive solutions for building envelopes and with the role of limiting the spread of fire on ETICS type fuel facades. Research in the literature highlights the need to validate the results obtained from natural scale tests performed to determine the fire resistance of ETICS systems using numerical calculation programs dedicated to this purpose. Materials and methods. When a compartment fire develops in a residential building, the combustible façade of the building becomes vulnerable due to the possibility of the fire spreading vertically, thus endangering the houses on the upper floors. In order to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon, research in the field highlights the need to perform full-scale tests of ETICS type facade systems. Following these experimental tests, the aim is to identify constructive solutions to prevent the spread of compartment fires on the combustible facades of buildings and to obtain data that can later be the starting point for performing numerical computer simulations to validate the results and change the factors, which contributes to the spread and development of compartment fires on the facades of buildings. Results and discussions. For the simulation of the combustible facade fires of the buildings, the researchers from INCERC Bucharest used the numerical fire modeling program - Pyrosim. The calculation program was used to model a fire developed in a fire compartment in accordance with the provisions of the British standard BS 8414. The modeling was performed using the numerical fire simulation model Pyrosim Fire Dynamics Simulator, and the utility was used to view the results of Smokeview, which is an integral part of the FDS freeware package. Before the actual simulation of the fire, the experimental stand was accurately implemented in the simulation program, so that the results obtained, by running the simulation program, are as close as possible to reality. Conclusions. Within the INCERC Bucharest Branch, a series of theoretical and experimental studies were carried out in order to obtain data on the development of compartment fires, the evolution of temperatures inside the fire compartment and the action of fire on the combustible facades of a building. During these tests, the thermal load fire scenario provided for in the requirements of BS 8414 was taken into account. The results obtained after the Pyrosim calculation program, led to the visual validation of the effluents at different times from the beginning of the thermal charge combustion, as well as the validation of the temperatures recorded during the experimental test.