Content area
Full Text
Abstract
Non-carious cervical lesion is a condition with multifactorial aetiology. These lesions influences tooth sensitivity, plaque retention, caries incidence, structural integrity, and pulp vitality and present unique challenges for restoration. These challenges involve each step of the restoration process, including isolation, adhesion, insertion technique, and finishing and polishing. A successful diagnosis and treatment plan requires keen observation, a thorough patient history, and careful evaluation. This review highlights the various etiology and treatment strategies in managing non-carious cervical lesions.
Keywords: Non-carious cervical lesions, Abrasion, Abfraction, Attrition, Erosion
Introduction
Tooth surface loss" or "tooth wear" refers to the pathological loss of tooth tissue by a disease process other than dental caries [1]. Non-carious cervical lesions (cervical wear) are defined as the loss of tooth substance at the cementoenamel junction [2].
Non-carious cervical lesions present in a variety of forms. Initially they were described according to their appearance as wedge-shaped, disc-shaped, flattened, irregular, and figured areas. They appear as shallow grooves to broad dished-out lesions or a large wedge- shaped defects with sharp internal and external line angles. Non-carious cervical lesions are often situated on the vestibular surfaces of teeth mostly lingual surfaces and rarely on proximal surfaces and are more pronounced on incisors, canines, and premolars which is more prevalent in the maxilla than in the mandible [3]. There is some suggestion that the shape of the lesion is related to its aetiology [4]. Lesions with sharply defined margins could be caused by abrasive factors, whereas erosion produces broader, dishshaped but shallower lesions [5].
Types of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions
Grippo et al., 2012 put forward a new classification of hard tissue lesions of teeth. He defined four categories of tooth wear.
* Attrition -Wearing a way of tooth substance as a result of tooth to tooth contact during normal or parafunctional masticatory activity.
* Abrasion- Pathological wear of tooth substance through bio-mechanical frictional processes, e.g., tooth brushing.
* Erosion - Loss of tooth substance by acid dissolution of either an intrinsic or extrinsic origin, e.g., gastric acid or dietary acids.
* Abfraction - Pathologic loss of tooth substance caused by bio-mechanical loading forces. It was postulated that these lesions were caused by flexure of the tooth during loading, leading to fatigue of the enamel and dentine...