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Abstract
Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are generally referred to the carbides, nitrides, and borides of the transition metals, with the Group IVB compounds (Zr & Hf) and TaC as the main focus. The UHTCs are endowed with ultra-high melting points, excellent mechanical properties, and ablation resistance at elevated temperatures. These unique combinations of properties make them promising materials for extremely environmental structural applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicles, particularly nozzles, leading edges, and engine components, etc. In addition to bulk UHTCs, UHTC coatings and fiber reinforced UHTC composites are extensively developed and applied to avoid the intrinsic brittleness and poor thermal shock resistance of bulk ceramics. Recently, highentropy UHTCs are developed rapidly and attract a lot of attention as an emerging direction for ultra-high temperature materials. This review presents the state of the art of processing approaches, microstructure design and properties of UHTCs from bulk materials to composites and coatings, as well as the future directions.
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Details
1 Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics & Superfine Microstructure, Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:0000000119573309)
2 Harbin Institute of Technology, National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin, China (GRID:grid.19373.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0193 3564)
3 Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Xi’an, China (GRID:grid.440588.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0307 1240)
4 Donghua University, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.255169.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9141 4786)
5 Wuhan University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan, China (GRID:grid.162110.5) (ISNI:0000 0000 9291 3229)
6 Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics & Superfine Microstructure, Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:0000000119573309); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (GRID:grid.410726.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1797 8419)