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Abstract
Aims
The HERMES (HEart failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic targetS) consortium aims to identify the genomic and molecular basis of heart failure.
Methods and results
The consortium currently includes 51 studies from 11 countries, including 68 157 heart failure cases and 949 888 controls, with data on heart failure events and prognosis. All studies collected biological samples and performed genome‐wide genotyping of common genetic variants. The enrolment of subjects into participating studies ranged from 1948 to the present day, and the median follow‐up following heart failure diagnosis ranged from 2 to 116 months. Forty‐nine of 51 individual studies enrolled participants of both sexes; in these studies, participants with heart failure were predominantly male (34–90%). The mean age at diagnosis or ascertainment across all studies ranged from 54 to 84 years. Based on the aggregate sample, we estimated 80% power to genetic variant associations with risk of heart failure with an odds ratio of ≥1.10 for common variants (allele frequency ≥ 0.05) and ≥1.20 for low‐frequency variants (allele frequency 0.01–0.05) at P < 5 × 10−8 under an additive genetic model.
Conclusions
HERMES is a global collaboration aiming to (i) identify the genetic determinants of heart failure; (ii) generate insights into the causal pathways leading to heart failure and enable genetic approaches to target prioritization; and (iii) develop genomic tools for disease stratification and risk prediction.
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Details
Title
The genomics of heart failure: design and rationale of the HERMES consortium
Author
Lumbers, R. Thomas 1 ; Shah, Sonia 2 ; Lin, Honghuang 3 ; Czuba, Tomasz 4 ; Henry, Albert 5 ; Swerdlow, Daniel I. 6 ; Mälarstig, Anders 7 ; Andersson, Charlotte 8 ; Verweij, Niek 9 ; Holmes, Michael V. 10 ; Ärnlöv, Johan 11 ; Svensson, Per 12 ; Hemingway, Harry 13 ; Sallah, Neneh 14 ; Almgren, Peter 15 ; Aragam, Krishna G. 16 ; Asselin, Geraldine 17 ; Backman, Joshua D. 18 ; Biggs, Mary L. 19 ; Bloom, Heather L. 20 ; Boersma, Eric 21 ; Brandimarto, Jeffrey 22 ; Brown, Michael R. 23 ; Brunner‐La Rocca, Hans‐Peter 24 ; Carey, David J. 25 ; Chaffin, Mark D. 26 ; Chasman, Daniel I. 27 ; Chazara, Olympe 28 ; Chen, Xing 29 ; Chen, Xu 30 ; Chung, Jonathan H. 18 ; Chutkow, William 31 ; Cleland, John G.F. 32 ; Cook, James P. 33 ; Denus, Simon 34 ; Dehghan, Abbas 35 ; Delgado, Graciela E. 36 ; Denaxas, Spiros 37 ; Doney, Alexander S. 38 ; Dörr, Marcus 39 ; Dudley, Samuel C. 40 ; Engström, Gunnar 15 ; Esko, Tõnu 41 ; Fatemifar, Ghazaleh 42 ; Felix, Stephan B. 39 ; Finan, Chris 43 ; Ford, Ian 44 ; Fougerousse, Francoise 45 ; Fouodjio, René 17 ; Ghanbari, Mohsen 46 ; Ghasemi, Sahar 47 ; Giedraitis, Vilmantas 48 ; Giulianini, Franco 49 ; Gottdiener, John S. 50 ; Gross, Stefan 39 ; Guðbjartsson, Daníel F. 51 ; Gui, Hongsheng 52 ; Gutmann, Rebecca 53 ; Haggerty, Christopher M. 54 ; Harst, Pim 55 ; Hedman, Åsa K. 56 ; Helgadottir, Anna 57 ; Hillege, Hans 9 ; Hyde, Craig L. 29 ; Jacob, Jaison 31 ; Jukema, J. Wouter 58 ; Kamanu, Frederick 59 ; Kardys, Isabella 21 ; Kavousi, Maryam 46 ; Khaw, Kay‐Tee 60 ; Kleber, Marcus E. 36 ; Køber, Lars 61 ; Koekemoer, Andrea 62 ; Kraus, Bill 63 ; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline 64 ; Langenberg, Claudia 65 ; Lind, Lars 66 ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. 67 ; London, Barry 68 ; Lotta, Luca A. 65 ; Lovering, Ruth C. 43 ; Luan, Jian'an 65 ; Magnusson, Patrik 30 ; Mahajan, Anubha 69 ; Mann, Douglas 70 ; Margulies, Kenneth B. 22 ; Marston, Nicholas A. 71 ; März, Winfried 72 ; McMurray, John J.V. 73 ; Melander, Olle 74 ; Melloni, Giorgio 59 ; Mordi, Ify R. 38 ; Morley, Michael P. 22 ; Morris, Andrew D. 75 ; Morris, Andrew P. 76 ; Morrison, Alanna C. 23 ; Nagle, Michael W. 29 ; Nelson, Christopher P. 62 ; Newton‐Cheh, Christopher 77 ; Niessner, Alexander 78 ; Niiranen, Teemu 79 ; Nowak, Christoph 80 ; O'Donoghue, Michelle L. 71 ; Owens, Anjali T. 22 ; Palmer, Colin N.A. 38 ; Paré, Guillaume 81 ; Perola, Markus 82 ; Perreault, Louis‐Philippe Lemieux 17 ; Portilla‐Fernandez, Eliana 83 ; Psaty, Bruce M. 84 ; Rice, Kenneth M. 85 ; Ridker, Paul M. 27 ; Romaine, Simon P.R. 62 ; Roselli, Carolina 86 ; Rotter, Jerome I. 87 ; Ruff, Christian T. 71 ; Sabatine, Marc S. 71 ; Salo, Perttu 88 ; Salomaa, Veikko 88 ; Setten, Jessica 89 ; Shalaby, Alaa A. 90 ; Smelser, Diane T. 25 ; Smith, Nicholas L. 91 ; Stefansson, Kari 92 ; Stender, Steen 93 ; Stott, David J. 94 ; Sveinbjörnsson, Garðar 57 ; Tammesoo, Mari‐Liis 95 ; Tardif, Jean‐Claude 96 ; Taylor, Kent D. 87 ; Teder‐Laving, Maris 95 ; Teumer, Alexander 47 ; Thorgeirsson, Guðmundur 92 ; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur 92 ; Torp‐Pedersen, Christian 97 ; Trompet, Stella 98 ; Tuckwell, Danny 31 ; Tyl, Benoit 45 ; Uitterlinden, Andre G. 99 ; Vaura, Felix 100 ; Veluchamy, Abirami 38 ; Visscher, Peter M. 101 ; Völker, Uwe 102 ; Voors, Adriaan A. 9 ; Wang, Xiaosong 31 ; Wareham, Nicholas J. 65 ; Weeke, Peter E. 61 ; Weiss, Raul 103 ; White, Harvey D. 104 ; Wiggins, Kerri L. 105 ; Xing, Heming 31 ; Yang, Jian 101 ; Yang, Yifan 22 ; Yerges‐Armstrong, Laura M. 106 ; Yu, Bing 23 ; Zannad, Faiez 107 ; Zhao, Faye 31 ; Wilk, Jemma B. 29 ; Holm, Hilma 57 ; Sattar, Naveed 73 ; Lubitz, Steven A. 108 ; Lanfear, David E. 109 ; Shah, Svati 110 ; Dunn, Michael E. 111 ; Wells, Quinn S. 112 ; Asselbergs, Folkert W. 113 ; Hingorani, Aroon D. 114 ; Dubé, Marie‐Pierre 96 ; Samani, Nilesh J. 62 ; Lang, Chim C. 38 ; Cappola, Thomas P. 22 ; Ellinor, Patrick T. 115 ; Vasan, Ramachandran S. 116 ; Smith, J. Gustav 117
1 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK
2 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
3 Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
4 Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
5 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
6 Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
7 Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, USA, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
8 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA, Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
9 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
10 Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
11 Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society/Section of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
12 Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
13 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, The National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
14 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
15 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
16 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
17 Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
18 Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
19 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
20 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
21 Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
22 Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
23 Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
24 Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
25 Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
26 Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
27 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
28 Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
29 Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
30 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
31 Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
32 Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
33 Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
34 Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
35 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK, MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
36 Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
37 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, The National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK, The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, UK
38 Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
39 Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
40 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
41 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
42 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
43 Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
44 Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
45 Translational and Clinical Research, Servier Cardiovascular Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Suresnes, France
46 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
47 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
48 Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
49 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
50 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
51 deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
52 Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
53 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
54 Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
55 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN‐Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
56 Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
57 deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
58 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
59 Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
60 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
61 Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
62 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
63 Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
64 UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK, Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
65 MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
66 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
67 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
68 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
69 Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
70 Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
71 TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
72 Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
73 BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
74 Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
75 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
76 Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
77 Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
78 Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
79 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
80 Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society/Section of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
81 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
82 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
83 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
84 Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
85 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
86 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
87 The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
88 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
89 Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
90 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and VA Pittsburgh HCS, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
91 Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle, WA, USA
92 deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
93 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
94 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
95 Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
96 Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
97 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
98 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
99 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
100 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
101 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
102 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
103 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
104 Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
105 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
106 Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
107 CHU de Nancy, Inserm and INI‐CRCT (F‐CRIN), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
108 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
109 Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA, Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
110 Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
111 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular Research, Tarrytown, NY, USA
112 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
113 Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
114 BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
115 Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
116 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA, Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
117 Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
1 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK
2 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
3 Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
4 Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
5 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
6 Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
7 Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, USA, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
8 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA, Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
9 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
10 Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
11 Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society/Section of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
12 Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
13 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, The National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
14 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
15 Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
16 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
17 Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
18 Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
19 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
20 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
21 Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
22 Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
23 Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
24 Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
25 Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
26 Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
27 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
28 Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
29 Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
30 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
31 Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
32 Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
33 Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
34 Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
35 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK, MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
36 Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
37 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, The National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK, The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, UK
38 Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
39 Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
40 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
41 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
42 Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK, Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK
43 Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
44 Robertson Centre for Biostatistics & Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
45 Translational and Clinical Research, Servier Cardiovascular Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Suresnes, France
46 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
47 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
48 Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
49 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
50 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
51 deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
52 Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
53 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
54 Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
55 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN‐Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
56 Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
57 deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
58 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
59 Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
60 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
61 Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
62 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
63 Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
64 UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK, Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
65 MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
66 Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
67 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
68 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
69 Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
70 Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
71 TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
72 Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
73 BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
74 Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
75 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
76 Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
77 Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
78 Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
79 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
80 Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society/Section of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
81 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
82 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
83 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
84 Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
85 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
86 Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
87 The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
88 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
89 Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
90 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and VA Pittsburgh HCS, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
91 Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle, WA, USA
92 deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
93 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
94 Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
95 Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
96 Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
97 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
98 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
99 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
100 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
101 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
102 DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
103 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
104 Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
105 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
106 Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
107 CHU de Nancy, Inserm and INI‐CRCT (F‐CRIN), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
108 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
109 Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA, Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
110 Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
111 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Cardiovascular Research, Tarrytown, NY, USA
112 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
113 Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK, BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK, Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
114 BHF Research Accelerator, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
115 Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
116 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA, Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
117 Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Pages
5531-5541
Section
Study Designs
Publication year
2021
Publication date
Dec 1, 2021
e-ISSN
20555822
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2614535569
Copyright
© 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.