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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Spray coatings’ emissions impact to the environmental and occupational exposure were studied in a pilot-plant. Concentrations were measured inside the spray chamber and at the work room in Near-Field (NF) and Far-Field (FF) and mass flows were analyzed using a mechanistic model. The coating was performed in a ventilated chamber by spraying titanium dioxide doped with nitrogen (TiO2N) and silver capped by hydroxyethylcellulose (Ag-HEC) nanoparticles (NPs). Process emission rates to workplace, air, and outdoor air were characterized according to process parameters, which were used to assess emission factors. Full-scale production exposure potential was estimated under reasonable worst-case (RWC) conditions. The measured TiO2-N and Ag-HEC concentrations were 40.9 TiO2-μg/m3 and 0.4 Ag-μg/m3 at NF (total fraction). Under simulated RWC conditions with precautionary emission rate estimates, the worker’s 95th percentile 8-h exposure was ≤171 TiO2 and ≤1.9 Ag-μg/m3 (total fraction). Environmental emissions via local ventilation (LEV) exhaust were ca. 35 and 140 mg-NP/g-NP, for TiO2-N and Ag-HEC, respectively. Under current situation, the exposure was adequately controlled. However, under full scale production with continuous process workers exposure should be evaluated with personal sampling if recommended occupational exposure levels for nanosized TiO2 and Ag are followed for risk management.

Details

Title
Quantifying Emission Factors and Setting Conditions of Use According to ECHA Chapter R.14 for a Spray Process Designed for Nanocoatings—A Case Study
Author
Antti Joonas Koivisto 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Benedetta Del Secco 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Trabucco, Sara 2 ; Nicosia, Alessia 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ravegnani, Fabrizio 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Altin, Marko 3 ; Cabellos, Joan 4 ; Furxhi, Irini 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Blosi, Magda 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Costa, Anna 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Jesús Lopez de Ipiña 7 ; Belosi, Franco 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Air Pollution Management APM, Mattilanmäki 38, 33610 Tampere, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, PL 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; ARCHE Consulting, Liefkensstraat 35D, B-9032 Wondelgem, Belgium 
 CNR-ISAC, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (B.D.S.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (F.R.); [email protected] (F.B.) 
 Witek srl, Via Siena 47, 50142 Firenze, Italy; [email protected] 
 Leitat Technological Center, c/de la Innovació 2, Terrassa, 08225 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 
 Transgero Limited, Cullinagh, Newcastle West, Co. Limerick, V42 V384 Limerick, Ireland; [email protected]; Department of Accounting and Finance, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland 
 ISTEC-CNR, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, CNR, National Research Council, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy; [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.C.) 
 Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Leonardo Da Vinci 11, 01510 Miñano, Spain; [email protected] 
First page
596
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20794991
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2633031819
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.