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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Nanofiber nonwovens are highly promising to serve as biomimetic scaffolds for pioneering cardiac implants such as drug-eluting stent systems or heart valve prosthetics. For successful implant integration, rapid and homogeneous endothelialization is of utmost importance as it forms a hemocompatible surface. This study aims at physicochemical and biological evaluation of various electrospun polymer scaffolds, made of FDA approved medical-grade plastics. Human endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were examined for cell attachment, morphology, viability, as well as actin and PECAM 1 expression. The appraisal of the untreated poly-L-lactide (PLLA L210), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and polyamide-6 (PA-6) nonwovens shows that the hydrophilicity (water contact angle > 80°) and surface free energy (<60 mN/m) is mostly insufficient for rapid cell colonization. Therefore, modification of the surface tension of nonpolar polymer scaffolds by plasma energy was initiated, leading to more than 60% increased wettability and improved colonization. Additionally, NH3-plasma surface functionalization resulted in a more physiological localization of cell–cell contact markers, promoting endothelialization on all polymeric surfaces, while fiber diameter remained unaltered. Our data indicates that hydrophobic nonwovens are often insufficient to mimic the native extracellular matrix but also that they can be easily adapted by targeted post-processing steps such as plasma treatment. The results achieved increase the understanding of cell–implant interactions of nanostructured polymer-based biomaterial surfaces in blood contact while also advocating for plasma technology to increase the surface energy of nonpolar biostable, as well as biodegradable polymer scaffolds. Thus, we highlight the potential of plasma-activated electrospun polymer scaffolds for the development of advanced cardiac implants.

Details

Title
Accelerated Endothelialization of Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Biomimetic Cardiovascular Implants
Author
Matschegewski, Claudia 1 ; Kohse, Stefanie 2 ; Markhoff, Jana 2 ; Teske, Michael 2 ; Wulf, Katharina 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Grabow, Niels 2 ; Schmitz, Klaus-Peter 3 ; Illner, Sabine 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Institute for Implant Technology and Biomaterials e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (K.-P.S.) 
 Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (N.G.) 
 Institute for Implant Technology and Biomaterials e.V., Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (K.-P.S.); Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.T.); [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (N.G.) 
First page
2014
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
19961944
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2642573414
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.