Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with non-puerperal mastitis: Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) practice guideline 2021

Abstract

Method Level of evidence Strength of recommendation 1.1 Diagnostic method  1.1.1 Ultrasound[2] I A  1.1.2 Detection of pathogenic microorganisms[3] II A  1.1.3 Pathological diagnosis[2],∗ I A 1.2 Type of biopsy  1.2.1 Core needle biopsy[4,5] I A  1.2.2 Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy[6] II B ∗ On microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, periductal mastitis is characterized by greatly dilated ducts filled with pink material, abundant fatty acid crystals, and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils around the dilated ducts. Diffusion-weighted imaging may assist in differentiating between PDM and GLM[15]; however, because there is little evidence for this, the panel does not recommend magnetic resonance imaging as a routine imaging modality. In patients undergoing incision and drainage, a specimen can also be taken from the wall of the abscess cavity. Because fine-needle aspiration yields such a small amount of tissue, the panel does not recommend it as a routine means for pathological examination in patients with NPM. References 1.Ye, JMGuo, BLLiu, QMa, FLiu, HJWu, Q. Clinical practice guidelines for sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer: