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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel betacoronavirus that caused coronavirus disease 2019 and has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Novel coronavirus infections in humans have steadily become more common. Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, and identifying conserved, cross-reactive epitopes among coronavirus strains could inform the design of vaccines and therapeutics with broad application. Here, we determined that individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine produced antibody responses that cross-reacted with related betacoronaviruses. Moreover, we designed a peptide-conjugate vaccine with a conserved SARS-CoV-2 S2 spike epitope, immunized mice and determined cross-reactive antibody binding to SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses. This conserved spike epitope also shared sequence homology to proteins in commensal gut microbiota and could prime immune responses in humans. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 conserved epitopes elicit cross-reactive immune responses to both related coronaviruses and host bacteria that could serve as future targets for broad coronavirus therapeutics and vaccines.
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1 Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Genomic Medicine Center, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.512054.7)
2 Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Genomic Medicine Center, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.512054.7); University of Missouri- Kansas City, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.266756.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 926X); University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.412016.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2177 6375); University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.412016.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2177 6375)
3 University of Missouri- Kansas City, Department of Pediatrics, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.266756.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 926X); Children’s Mercy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, USA (GRID:grid.239559.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0415 5050)