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Abstract The performance of rice quality affects the maritet competitiveness of rice to a certain extent, and grain shape is an important factor for yield traits and appearance quality. The mapping and cloning of major rice grain type genes were briefly reviewed, and the utilization of related genes in breeding was prospected.
Key words Rice; Rice grain quality; Grain size; Quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; Gene cloning
Rice is the main food crop in Asia. With the improvement of people's lifestyle and consumption level, consumers have more and more demand for high-quality rice. Therefore, the improvement of rice quality has become a new trend to improve the competitiveness of the rice market. Appearance quality is an important index of rice quality. Rice grain shape trait is an important component of rice appearance quality and one of the important traits of rice yield. Therefore, research on the genetic and molecular mechanism of rice grain shape plays an important role in increasing rice yield and improving rice quality. In this paper, the related mapping and cloning research of main rice grain type genes was summarized , and the use of related genes in breeding was prospected, hoping to provide references for the research.
Inheritance of Rce Grain Shape
The grain shape of different rice varieties is quite different. Rice grain shape belongs to the inheritance of quantitative traits, controlled by polygenes, and is dominated by additive effects. It shows continuous variation in segregated populations, and the variation frequency often presents an overall distribution. Meanwhile, it shows cytoplasmic inheritance.
Regarding the inheritance of grain length, different studies have shown that grain length is co-controlled by single genes, double genes, polygenes, major genes and minor genes, and the inheritance of grain length is dominated by additive benefits. In recent years, domestic and foreign researches generally tend to acknowledge that rice grain length is controlled by polygenes. Regarding grain length, Rui et al. &1' found that the inheitance of rice grain length was dominated by additive effects, with positive partial dominance, and nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction effects may exist.
Most studies have shown that the grain width in hybód F2 populations shows a normal distribution and is controlled by the additive and dominant effects of polygenes. However, some studies have shown...