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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to pediatric chest radiographs are yet scarce. This study evaluated whether AI-based software developed for adult chest radiographs can be used for pediatric chest radiographs. Pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) who underwent chest radiographs from March to May 2021 were included retrospectively. An AI-based lesion detection software assessed the presence of nodules, consolidation, fibrosis, atelectasis, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pneumoperitoneum. Using the pediatric radiologist’s results as standard reference, we assessed the diagnostic performance of the software. For the total 2273 chest radiographs, the AI-based software showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of 67.2%, 91.1%, 57.7%, 93.9%, and 87.5%, respectively. Age was a significant factor for incorrect results (odds radio 0.821, 95% confidence interval 0.791–0.851). When we excluded cardiomegaly and children 2 years old or younger, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy significantly increased (86.4%, 97.9%, 79.7%, 98.7% and 96.9%, respectively, all p < 0.001). In conclusion, AI-based software developed with adult chest radiographs showed diagnostic accuracies up to 96.9% for pediatric chest radiographs when we excluded cardiomegaly and children 2 years old or younger. AI-based lesion detection software needs to be validated in younger children.
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1 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.15444.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5454)
2 Keimyung University, Department of Statistics, Daegu , Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.412091.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 0669 3109)
3 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.15444.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5454)