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Abstract
The present study deals with the state-of-art analysis of hydro-geo-chemistry along with the multivariate statistical analysis of the groundwater in Dumka, Jharkhand. Sixty-one samples were assembled for the month of pre-precipitation (Feb–May) and post-precipitation (Oct–Dec) each to examine the water's compliance for drinking and irrigation purposes. An organised framework has been utilized for the study of water standards and its impact evaluation. This includes the multivariate analysis of physicochemical parameters. Arc-GIS Inverse Weighted Method has been utilized for spatial interpolation. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) was used for detailed analysis of the water dynamics. The results from the descriptive statistics shows average value of TDS and EC ranges between 182–183 ppm and 366.88–358.67 µS/cm respectively. It indicates the groundwater is majorly govern by rainwater chemistry for both pre and post precipitation. The slightly acidic value of pH i.e. 6.9 in the post precipitation seasons supports this inference. Gibbs plot informs about the rock-water interaction dominance in the region. In Piper plot, major-cation follow the sequence as Ca+2 > Mg+2 > Na+ > K+ while the anions follow the trend as Cl− > HCO3− > SO4−2 > CO3-2. Mostly the samples fall under the Ca-Mg-Cl2 type. The ratios obtained and ionic patterns shows the carbonate weathering and selective ion exchange, as the main drivers for this ionic composition in water. HCA classifies 6 and 5 clusters for both seasons respectively. PCA plot reveals longer arrows for Na, SAR contributing significantly to PC1 along with Cl and F. Correlation matrix revealed strong correlation between TDS, EC and Cl which is quite alarming for the area, signifying the degradation of the water quality. The Entropy Weighted—Water quality Index for Jarmundi, Shikaripara zone and jamua was extremely poor. Article Highlights The present study deals with the state-of-art analysis of hydro-geo-chemistry along with the multivariate statistical analysis of the groundwater in the Dumka district of Jharkhand. It indicates the groundwater is majorly govern by rainwater chemistry for both pre and post precipitation. The major-cation follow the sequence as Ca+2 > Mg+2 > Na+ > K+ while the anions follow the trend as Cl− > HCO3− > SO4−2 > CO3-2. Mostly the samples fall under the Ca–Mg–Cl2 The ratios obtained and ionic patterns shows the carbonate weathering and selective ion exchange, as the main drivers for this ionic composition in water. Correlation matrix revealed strong correlation between TDS, EC and Cl which is quite alarming for the area as it signifies the degradation of the water quality. Entropy Weighted—Water quality Index was found to be from an excellent range to extremely poor.
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1 Birla Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Mesra, Ranchi, India (GRID:grid.462084.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2216 7125)