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Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the association between the baseline gene expression profile in periapical granuloma and periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. Twenty-seven patients aged between 15 and 57 years underwent periapical surgery. The retrieved periapical tissue sample was used for mRNA expression analysis of COL1A1, VTN, ITGA5, IL-4, TNF, ANGPT, VEGFA, and CTGF. All patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for periapical healing evaluation. Healing was then correlated with baseline gene expression. Healing was observed in 15 patients at the end of 6 months, which increased to 21 patients after 12 months. Six patients showed no healing even after 12 months. Analysis of baseline expression levels of the tested genes with healing status showed the mean relative expression of VTN, VEGFA, ANGPT, TNF, and CTGF to be significantly different (p < 0.05) between the healing group (6 and 12 months) (72.99%) and the non-healing (94.42%) group. Periapical Index scores 3–5 exhibited a positive correlation with ITGA-5 expression. Overexpression of ANGPT and a strong positive correlation between ITGA5 and PAI scores in the non-healing group of patients may suggest these genes to be a potential prognostic biomarker for periapical wound non-healing after surgical endodontic treatment.
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1 King Faisal University, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.412140.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1755 9687)
2 Aga Khan University, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan (GRID:grid.7147.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0633 6224)
3 Dow University of Health Sciences, Department of Pathology, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan (GRID:grid.412080.f) (ISNI:0000 0000 9363 9292)
4 Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.449553.a) (ISNI:0000 0004 0441 5588)
5 King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.56302.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 5396)
6 King Saud University, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.56302.32) (ISNI:0000 0004 1773 5396)
7 Aga Khan University, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan (GRID:grid.7147.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0633 6224); Aga Khan University, Department of Surgery, Karachi, Pakistan (GRID:grid.7147.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0633 6224)
8 Aga Khan University, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan (GRID:grid.7147.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0633 6224); Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan (GRID:grid.428191.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 0495 7803)