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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

The diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) performed on nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Nevertheless, false-negative results can be obtained with inadequate sampling procedures, making the use of other biological matrices worthy of investigation. This study aims to evaluate the kinetics of serum N antigens in severe and non-severe patients and compare the clinical performance of serum antigenic assays with NP RT-PCR. Ninety patients were included in the study and monitored for several days. Disease severity was determined according to the WHO clinical progression scale. Serum N antigen levels were measured with a chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) and the Single Molecular Array (Simoa) assay. Viremia thresholds for severity were determined and proposed. In severe patients, the peak antigen response was observed 7 days after the onset of symptoms, followed by a decline. No real peak response was observed in non-severe patients. Severity thresholds for the Simoa and the CLIA provided positive likelihood ratios of 30.0 and 10.9 for the timeframe between day 2 and day 14, respectively. Sensitive detection of N antigens in serum may thus provide a valuable new marker for COVID-19 diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity. When assessed during the first 2 weeks since the onset of symptoms, it may help in identifying patients at risk of developing severe COVID-19 to optimize better intensive care utilization.

Details

Title
Serum SARS-CoV-2 Antigens for the Determination of COVID-19 Severity
Author
Favresse, Julien 1 ; Bayart, Jean-Louis 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Clara, David 3 ; Gillot, Constant 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wieërs, Grégoire 5 ; Roussel, Gatien 2 ; Sondag, Guillaume 6 ; Elsen, Marc 6 ; Eucher, Christine 6 ; Jean-Michel Dogné 4 ; Douxfils, Jonathan 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, 5004 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (M.E.); [email protected] (C.E.); Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (J.-M.D.); [email protected] (J.D.) 
 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre Ottignies, 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; [email protected] (J.-L.B.); [email protected] (G.R.) 
 Qualiblood s.a., 5000 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] 
 Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (J.-M.D.); [email protected] (J.D.) 
 Department of Internal Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre Ottignies, 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; [email protected] 
 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, 5004 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (M.E.); [email protected] (C.E.) 
 Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (J.-M.D.); [email protected] (J.D.); Qualiblood s.a., 5000 Namur, Belgium; [email protected] 
First page
1653
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
19994915
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2706331648
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.