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Abstract. The mobility reliance of transnational vessels on Southeast Asia waters in favor of sustaining their economic development raises the necessity for All-Domain Naval Power to increasingly anticipate the challenges of an unpredictable future, specifically across the Archipelagic Sea Lanes in the Karimata Strait. This study aims to locate and spatially analyze the mobility of foreign-flagged vessels crossing the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane (I), known as ALKI (I), in the Karimata Strait throughout 2017. Raw data appearing in vessel traffic records based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in the concerned study area were aggregated, grouped, and processed locally based on the targeted observations using ArcGIS v.10.6. Besides, this study also employed inductions analysis adopted from International Relations studies to enlighten the discussion. The results found 90 countries whose ships had crossed the Karimata Strait throughout 2017, including vessels originating from Indonesia. Cargo typically used for international trade was the vessel type that mainly was found crossing ALKI (I), amounting to 219,951 vessels, followed by tankers (127,885 vessels), tugboats (41,773 vessels), and passengers (22,357 vessels). Foreign ships' interdiction operations beyond the ALKI (I) reached 58.25%. Such violations emphasize that the law-enforcement authorities and military capabilities in disrupting malign activities, especially in ALKI (I), remain defenseless. As this writing completed, many activities that violate international law transpired in Indonesian waters. Unfortunately, such crimes cannot be suppressed effectively due to the lack of integration between law enforcement and technology operated by various authorities in enforcing security at ALKI (I). Therefore, this study recommends that Indonesia strengthen the proper legal sector in implementing the trans-archipelagic regime by establishing an integrated law enforcement agency to protect the ALKI territory, especially ALKI (I). A more comprehensive study of archipelagic sea lanes covering aspects of defense, security, economic, social culture, and the empowerment of coastal communities are extensively essential to be conducted in the future for achieving the grandiose goals of maritime-based development aspired by Indonesia.
Key Words: archipelagic sea lanes, Automatic Identification System, Karimata Strait, transnational vessels.
Introduction. One of many technologies with significant advancements that have been widely recognized in the maritime industry is Big Data, including the use of ArcGIS based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The AIS technology was first developed in 1990 with the...