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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Brain metastases are a devastating sequela of common primary cancers (e.g., lung, breast, and skin) and have limited effective therapeutic options. Previously, systemic chemotherapy failed to demonstrate significant benefit in patients with brain metastases, but in recent decades, targeted therapies and more recently immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yielded promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, there is significant interest in harnessing the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy (RT) to synergize with ICIs. Herein, we discuss studies evaluating the impact of RT dose and fractionation on the immune response, early studies supporting the synergistic interaction between RT and ICIs, and ongoing clinical trials assessing the benefit of combination therapy in patients with brain metastases.

Details

Title
Treatment of Brain Metastases: The Synergy of Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Author
Matsui, Jennifer K 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Perlow, Haley K 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Raj, Rohit K 2 ; Nalin, Ansel P 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lehrer, Eric J 3 ; Kotecha, Rupesh 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Trifiletti, Daniel M 5 ; Shearwood McClellandIII 6 ; Kendra, Kari 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Williams, Nicole 7 ; Owen, Dwight H 7 ; Presley, Carolyn J 7 ; Thomas, Evan M 2 ; Beyer, Sasha J 2 ; Blakaj, Dukagjin M 2 ; Ahluwalia, Manmeet S 8 ; Raval, Raju R 2 ; Palmer, Joshua D 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 
 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 
 Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA 
 Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA 
 Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA 
 Departments of Radiation Oncology and Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA 
 Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 
 Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA 
First page
2211
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22279059
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2716507706
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.