Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to preventive measures worldwide. With the decline of infection rates, less stringent restrictions for sports and exercise are being implemented. COVID-19 is associated with significant cardiovascular complications; however there are limited data on cardiovascular complications and long-term outcomes in both competitive (elite) athletes and highly active individuals. Based on different categories of disease severity (asymptomatic, regional/systemic symptoms, hospitalisation, myocardial damage, and/or myocarditis), in this point-of-view article we offer the (sports) cardiologist or sports physician in the Netherlands a practical guide to pre-participation screening, and diagnostic and management strategies in all athletes >16 years of age after COVID-19 infection.
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Details
1 Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5645.2) (ISNI:000000040459992X)
2 Tjongerschans Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Heerenveen, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5645.2)
3 Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5645.2); Flevo Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Almere, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.440159.d)
4 OLVG, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.440209.b)
5 Laurentius Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Roermond, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.415842.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 0568 7032)
6 Wilhelmina Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Assen, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.415842.e)
7 Maxima Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Veldhoven, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.414711.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 0477 4812); Technical University, Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.5292.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4740)
8 Isala, Department of Sports medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.452600.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0547 5927); Isala Heart Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.452600.5)
9 Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.413762.5)
10 Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.413762.5)