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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids combine two or more nano properties with a base fluid such as water ethylene. Usually, this helps enhance the heat transfer rate; in this article, using new similarity transformations created by Lie group analysis, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of connected nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting design is numerically solved using a BVP4C solver with the shooting method (MATLAB). The magneto hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible fluid and the rate of heat and mass transfer were investigated for two cases, with various nanoparticle shapes including cylindrical, spherical, and platelet. Case 1 was CNT (1%), graphene (1%), and aluminum oxide (1%), and Case 2 was copper (1%), silver (1%), and cobalt ferrite (1%). When the Hartmann number rises, velocity and temperature exhibit inverse behavior: the velocity profile increases, and the temperature profile decreases. When the suction rises, the velocity and temperature profiles both increase. Optimization techniques were used from response surface methodology (RSM) to set factorial variables so that the response met the desired maximum or minimum value. Factorial methods like ANOVA were used to model the response, but they were expanded to simulate the effects in terms of extrapolation.

Details

Title
Non-Linear Dynamic Movements of CNT/Graphene/Aluminum Oxide and Copper/Silver/Cobalt Ferrite Solid Particles in a Magnetized and Suction-Based Internally Heated Surface: Sensitivity and Response Surface Optimization
Author
Raju, C S K 1 ; Kumar, M Dinesh 1 ; N Ameer Ahammad 2 ; El-Deeb, Ahmed A 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Almarri, Barakah 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Nehad Ali Shah 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Mathematics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM-Bangalore, Bangalore 562163, India 
 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia 
 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt 
 Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia 
 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea 
First page
4066
Publication year
2022
Publication date
2022
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22277390
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2734653633
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.