Prevalence and prognostic significance of PD-L1, TIM-3 and B7-H3 expression in endometrial serous carcinoma

Abstract

Endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) is an aggressive type of endometrial carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint blockade has evolved as a novel treatment option for endometrial cancers; however, data on expression of immune checkpoints that may be potential targets for immunotherapy in ESC are limited. We analyzed the prevalence and prognostic significance of PD-L1, TIM-3 and B7-H3 immune checkpoints in 99 ESC and evaluated their correlation with CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Applying the tumor proportion score (TPS) with a cutoff of 1%, PD-L1, TIM-3 and B7-H3 expression was present in 17%, 10% and 93% of cases, respectively. Applying the combined positive score (CPS) with a cutoff of 1, PD-L1, TIM-3 and B7-H3 expression was present in 63%, 67% and 94% of cases, respectively. Expression of these markers was largely independent of one another. PD-L1 correlated with higher CD8 + T-cell density when evaluated by either TPS (p = 0.02) or CPS (p < 0.0001). TIM-3 correlated with CD8 + T-cell density when evaluated by CPS (p < 0.0001). PD-L1 positivity was associated with improved overall survival (p = 0.038) when applying CPS. No association between PD-L1 expression and survival was found using TPS, and there was no association between TIM-3 or B7-H3 positivity and survival by either TPS or CPS. Using TPS, PD-L1 correlated with a higher tumor stage but not with survival, whereas the converse was true when PD-L1 was evaluated by CPS, suggesting that PD-L1 expression in immune cells correlates with prognosis and is independent of tumor stage. In conclusion, PD-L1, TIM-3 and B7-H3 may be potential therapeutic targets in selected patients with ESC. Further investigation of their roles as predictive biomarkers is needed.